技術文章
流體噪聲(sheng)的(de)(de)產生原因(yin)有下(xia)面幾種情況,下(xia)面我們就(jiu)來詳細的(de)(de)解釋一下(xia)。
1、管道內部流體(ti)摩擦(ca)襯(chen)里和電極,流體(ti)中發生的正、負離子從電解質流體中分離。襯里(li)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極表面越(yue)粗糙,游離的離子(zi)(zi)濃(nong)度就(jiu)越(yue)高。見圖2,受電(dian)(dian)(dian)極信號電(dian)(dian)(dian)場的作(zuo)用(yong),一部(bu)分離子(zi)(zi)會(hui)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)極移動,形成噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,這種噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)被稱為流動噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)。流動噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)在低電(dian)(dian)(dian)導率(lv)測量時表現(xian)比較突出(chu)。流動噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)與外電(dian)(dian)(dian)場強度有關,高流速時感應信號越(yue)大(da),噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)幅度也越(yue)大(da),輸出(chu)就(jiu)會(hui)很不穩定。
2、內部不(bu)銹鋼電極的耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)是在其表(biao)面具有一個極薄的鈍化層(ceng)(ceng),使(shi)得(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)達到平(ping)衡狀態。流(liu)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)固(gu)體(ti)物撞(zhuang)擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),使(shi)得(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)表(biao)面鈍化(hua)(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)被(bei)破壞,失掉電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)平(ping)衡。而金(jin)屬(shu)材料與流(liu)體(ti)介(jie)質接(jie)觸具有(you)重新恢復生(sheng)成(cheng)表(biao)面鈍化(hua)(hua)層(ceng)(ceng)保持電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)平(ping)衡的(de)能力(li)。在達到電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)平(ping)衡期間,金(jin)屬(shu)和流(liu)體(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)游離離子在信(xin)號(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場作用下不(bu)斷進行(xing)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)。固(gu)體(ti)顆粒撞(zhuang)擊電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji),不(bu)斷破壞保護的(de)鈍化(hua)(hua)層(ceng)(ceng);電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)又(you)反(fan)復生(sheng)成(cheng)鈍化(hua)(hua)層(ceng)(ceng),于(yu)是形成(cheng)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)間的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位不(bu)斷大幅(fu)度地(di)變化(hua)(hua),這種(zhong)變化(hua)(hua)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位造成(cheng)流(liu)量信(xin)號(hao)(hao)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)流(liu)體(ti)噪聲。這種(zhong)情況也即電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁流(liu)量計中(zhong)(zhong)通常講的(de)漿液噪聲。理(li)論(lun)和實踐表(biao)明,影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應(ying)(ying)信(xin)號(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場變化(hua)(hua)的(de)頻(pin)率升高(gao),可(ke)使(shi)流(liu)體(ti)噪聲幅(fu)度迅(xun)速(su)下降,這就是高(gao)頻(pin)勵磁和(he)雙頻勵磁可以解決(jue)漿液測量的原因。
3、由于高流(liu)速(su)流(liu)動流(liu)體靠近襯里和電極部位的層流邊界層厚度(du)變得很(hen)薄,襯里和電(dian)極(ji)(ji)的粗(cu)糙度(du)高(gao)度(du)突破了流(liu)速層流(liu)邊界層的厚度(du),流(liu)體撞擊這部分粗(cu)糙度(du)高(gao)度(du),發(fa)生流(liu)速發(fa)散和突變。有一部分與測量管中心軸方(fang)向相同(或(huo)相反(fan))的流(liu)速分量,受信號權重函數(shu)的作用,對電(dian)極(ji)(ji)信號產(chan)生了很(hen)大影響(xiang),形成了大的正誤差,這就是(shi)流(liu)速噪聲。
4、流體(ti)(ti)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導率和pH值的(de)(de)(de)急劇變化也會形成(cheng)流動噪聲(sheng),流量(liang)計上(shang)游加藥表現的(de)(de)(de)測量(liang)不(bu)穩定就是(shi)(shi)典(dian)型例子(zi)。原因是(shi)(shi)不(bu)同介質(zhi)在不(bu)均勻混合時(shi),流體(ti)(ti)中容易分(fen)離(li)出正、負離(li)子(zi),受電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極信號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong),一部(bu)分(fen)離(li)子(zi)會向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極移動,形成(cheng)了(le)流動噪聲(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya),造成(cheng)輸出的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)穩定。
可(ke)見,上述流(liu)體噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲中的流(liu)動噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲和(he)流(liu)速(su)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲與(yu)測量(liang)管的襯里和(he)電極(ji)表面粗(cu)糙度直接有關(guan)(guan),極(ji)化電壓產(chan)生(sheng)的漿液噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲與(yu)電極(ji)表面粗(cu)糙度也(ye)有很大關(guan)(guan)系(xi)。所以(yi)發現(xian)問題所在(zai)比較關(guan)(guan)鍵,然后(hou)就(jiu)可(ke)以(yi)對(dui)癥(zheng)下藥降低流(liu)量(liang)計(ji)產(chan)生(sheng)的噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲了。
常(chang)州市良邦儀器儀表(biao)的(de)電磁流量計,在國內市場上是的品(pin)牌,從良邦儀(yi)表的服務上,產(chan)品(pin)的質量上,產(chan)品(pin)的技術上,良邦儀(yi)表都處于國產(chan)流量計步伐(fa)。十多余載為客戶(hu)服務,精(jing)(jing)益求精(jing)(jing),只為可以得(de)到客戶(hu)的滿(man)意。